Internet of Things (IoT) basically refers to the networking and interconnection of computing devices, machines and objects that are usually embedded with unique identifiers and have the ability to transfer data over a large and wide network. It is known as the connection of millions of physical devices over the Internet that are generally used to collect and share data. IoT mainly involves the conversion of human intelligence to digital intelligence by simply merging the digital world and physical devices. The Internet of Things integrates the interconnection of human culture with digital information systems. The main concept of IoT was implemented with the rise of the wireless Internet that became more widespread. The devices we use in our daily lives, such as connected thermostats, ATMs, wearables, and even traffic lights, make up the IoT.

Why Internet of Things has become more relevant and important?

Through IoT, all physical devices are connected to the Internet and can therefore be more beneficial in transmitting data used to collect and share data. Some of the main reasons why IoT has become an important part of our developing economy are as follows:

• Automation in transport systems:-

IoT, when implemented in transportation systems, especially traffic monitoring systems, has further improved in reducing traffic flows, fuel consumption, and thus will save many lives.

• Education combined with IoT:-

With the advent of IoT in the education sectors, it has allowed to strengthen campus security, improve educational institutions to manage their key resources, and also provide better access to information for teachers, parents, and students.

Using some automated software that is mainly aimed at easy management of the entire school administration by connecting multiple networks to a single database server will be more efficient. This can be implemented with the help of school ERP software like CampusCare, which is one of the top tools used mainly for high-tech education system.

• Guarantees the safety and protection of students:-

The IoT has proven to be efficient in ensuring the safety of students on campus. RFID technology is combined with IoT to easily track and access student real-time location information while on site, which is a great benefit for parents and teachers to ensure the safety of their children. Some of the effective devices that students can wear include RFID wristbands and smart ID cards by which their exact location can be tracked at any time.

• Cost savings and greater energy efficiency:-

Within school and university premises, the use of IoT technology can be made more efficient for education administrations by reducing the cost of heating, air conditioning and lighting. Smart temperature sensors can be easily installed inside classrooms and also in industrial sectors by connecting these sensors to heating systems to monitor temperature conditions. Through the IoT system connected to the heating systems, the windows will automatically open and close, raise and lower the radiators and also control the heating systems, thus ensuring a normal and balanced room temperature and no energy waste.

• Financial and accounting sectors:-

IoT can help school administration in the case of counting accounts by simply connecting the payment system to a central database server and then monitoring and reporting of accounts can be done automatically without any manual intervention.

• Improves student performance:-

The use of IoT in the field of education provides a student-centric approach where wearable devices and muse headsets are devices used by students that can have potential far beyond the documentation of daily routine. Thus, it will help to monitor heart rate and brain signals and thus will benefit teachers and parents to receive alert notifications of any distracting thoughts and thus keep their children focused.

Along with the positive side of using and implementing the IoT system, there are also some of the challenges that are faced and they are as follows:-

• Lack of Funding:-

Wearable devices and smart devices are high-tech sources of technology that are not readily available at cheap prices and are therefore very expensive. Therefore, there must be a large financial support for the implementation of such devices.

• Implementation:-

One of the biggest challenges facing IoT deployment is interoperability between smart device manufacturers. As IoT connects with small-scale industries, there may be compatibility issues where small-scale industry manufacturers cannot work seamlessly with each other. Therefore, they run the risk that their market monopoly may be affected.

• Loss of privacy and data security:-

Nowadays, our everyday devices are fast connecting to the internet and therefore there may be a threat that any unauthorized user can easily hack all the sensitive information about the user. Therefore, the security of sensitive data is largely not guaranteed.

• Technologically controlled life:-

The use of high-tech technologies in our daily lives has become so prominent that in the near future we will be completely dependent on technology and thus drastically reduce human interaction skills throughout the society.

• Lack of low-level personnel: –

Unskilled workers bear the brunt of the invasion of automation into our daily lives. This can lead to a large amount of unemployment that can be overcome by education.

The IoT has already taken a priority in our daily lives, even without many of us realizing it. As technology continues to grow and develop by the day, so will the use of IoT for many of our basic interactions. Thus, the Internet of Things in the near future will revolutionize our daily lives. It is up to us how we decide that our daily lives are willing to be controlled by high-tech technologies. If implemented correctly, it will automatically adapt to our basic needs and thus benefit society as a whole.